DAC Formulas
$$
\begin{aligned}
\text{LSB} &= \frac{V_{ref}}{2^N} \\
D_{max} &= 2^N – 1 \\
V_{out} &= D \cdot \text{LSB} \\
E_q &= \pm \frac{\text{LSB}}{2}
\end{aligned}
$$
$$ \begin{aligned} N &= \text{Resolution (bits)} \\ V_{ref} &= \text{Reference Voltage} \\ D &= \text{Digital Input Code} \\ V_{out} &= \text{Analog Output Voltage} \\ E_q &= \text{Quantization Error} \end{aligned} $$